When studying historical documents, it is quite fascinating to observe that regardless of how a statement was received at the time it was delivered, messages of truth, integrity and greatness endure through the ages.
My French class and I recently examined two speeches of note that were made on June 30, 1960, the day when the Congo won its independence.
King Baudouin of Belgium delivered an address stating how his predecessor King Leopold II began a great work, liberating the Congolese from slavery and how the Belgians had done such an amazing job developing their colony. He warned the people not to be too hasty to replace the structures in place and implied that the Belgians would be there to continue to help run the new state.
It was, quite frankly, a paternalistic narrative, steeped in colonialist mythology and outright lies. It would be naïve to believe that Baudouin was ignorant to the fact that Leopold II had claimed the Congo Free State as his personal plantation and was responsible for millions of deaths.
Baudouin was followed by the first Prime Minister of the Congo, Patrice Lumumba, who delivered a largely impromptu speech. Though it was called a “venomous attack” by Time magazine, one is left to wonder if the writer of these words even understood French.
Lumumba’s words are as rich, honest and contemporary today as when they were first spoken. He pointed out that there was no freedom and no justice under the Belgians. Congolese were beaten, insulted and forced to do backbreaking work. They were forbidden to go to the same cinemas and restaurants, they were not adequately paid and they were expected to use the formal “vous” when speaking to white people while being addressed with the informal “tu” in return.
It may be difficult for those who have not spent time in the Congo to understand the depth of these inequalities. When I lived in the capital Kinshasa in the 1990s, a city the Belgians had the audacity to name Leopoldville, I was shocked when my Congolese friends pointed out the parts of the city Africans could not enter without a pass during colonial times. I was confused when some of my colleagues would not address me as “tu” even when I asked them to, or when people expressed surprise as I performed manual tasks.
Perhaps these points in his discourse could have been forgiven had Lumumba not been an idealist. He made it clear that foreigners were welcome, but he asked for a cooperation that would be financially beneficial to the citizens of the Congo. Lumumba also believed in a pan-African vision and called on the people of his country to live together in peace.
During this period of the Cold War, Lumumba’s most egregious thought in the eyes of capitalist powers was his willingness to work together in a spirit of mutual respect with anyone who was willing to do so, even the Soviets.
Within months of his inauguration as prime minister, Lumumba was a hunted man. The Belgians stoked the flames of tribalism, as colonial powers so often did, and dashed Congolese hopes of a unified country. Lumumba was arrested and murdered in a cooperative effort between Congolese factions, Belgians and Americans on January 17, 1961.
To their credit, Belgium apologized for their part in this murder in 2002. They have also recently begun the process of reconciliation with the Democratic Republic of the Congo and there is a growing sentiment in the country to support fair reparations.
Patrice Lumumba was not a simple idealist. He was a visionary. He recognized the truth of an unjust world and saw how it could be better.
Even 60 years after his death, we can see the world he dreamed of, a world that honours the martyrs who died at the hands of Western colonialism, the kind of world we so drastically need to build today.
