Skip to content
Join our Newsletter

Bill Vance: Buick LaSalle changed car design forever

By the mid-1920s, automotive engineering was well enough advanced that cars were pretty reliable and motorists were ready for more comfort, performance and style.
New_vance-LaSalle 1927.jpg
The LaSalle’s body had gently rounded curves, deeply drawn fenders and beautifully harmonized colours.

By the mid-1920s, automotive engineering was well enough advanced that cars were pretty reliable and motorists were ready for more comfort, performance and style.

Even the conservative Henry Ford recognized rather belatedly that the days of his sturdy but spartan Model T were numbered. He discontinued it in 1927 and design began on its replacement, the more glamorous Model A.

At General Motors, its brilliant president, Alfred P. Sloan, Jr., was gradually evolving the annual-model-change philosophy. Encouraged by time-payment car loans that had arrived in the late teens and were now established, motorists were becoming accustomed to trading their old models in for new ones. Sloan wanted to hurry the process along by making them dissatisfied with their current cars a little sooner. Even though engineering may be only marginally improved, at least offer a fresh new look. This led to the formalization of automobile styling.

While all of this was evolving in Sloan’s mind, a young man named Harley Earl out in Hollywood, California, was working for local Cadillac distributor Don Lee. Earl had a natural styling touch and Lee had him busily engaged in lengthening, lowering and rounding off the square corners of production cars on commissions from movie stars and other wealthy clients who wanted something more distinctive than the boxy designs of the day.

A business trip to Lee’s establishment on the West Coast introduced Cadillac’s general manager Lawrence Fisher to Earl’s work. He was very impressed with Earl’s handiwork, and upon returning east he enthusiastically reported to president Sloan what Earl was doing.

The timing coincided perfectly with Sloan’s annual-model-change ideas. He invited Earl to Detroit in 1926 on a contract to help style the new 1927 LaSalle, a Cadillac “companion car” being developed to offer some Cadillac prestige at a lower price. It would also fill in the price gap between Buick and regular Cadillacs.

The new LaSalle “junior Cadillac” was introduced in March 1927, and Earl’s styling was an immediate sensation. He had created a body with gently rounded curves, deeply drawn fenders and beautifully harmonized colours. It suddenly made other cars look old-fashioned.

To give the appearance of speed, Earl lowered the LaSalle’s silhouette, giving the over-all impression of elegance never before seen in an American car. Earl had been deeply impressed by European cars, and the fact he had borrowed heavily from the Spanish Hispano-Suiza’s styling was either not noticed or simply ignored.

Earl was invited to head up the newly created Art and Colour Section of General Motors, reporting directly to Sloan. Styling was no longer a sideline for the engineers, but was recognized as a significant enough element to be a separate activity.

The LaSalle vaulted Earl into prominence, and under his influence automobile styling advanced rapidly. The Art and Colour Section evolved and expanded to become the Styling Department. In 1940, Earl was made a General Motors vice-president, the first stylist to achieve this elevated status in the auto industry.

Earl would set the styling mode for General Motors automobiles, and consequently the American industry, for three decades.

Although it was the LaSalle that gave him his start, Earl will be remembered more for the wraparound windshield, jet-plane inspiration and, most of all, the tailfin craze that reached its zenith in the 1950s.

Tailfins came about because Earl was so captivated by the twin fuselages of the Lockheed P-38 fighter plane that he tried vestigial fins, little more than raised taillights, on the 1948 Cadillac. They took off and became an American styling icon for a decade.

The LaSalle would survive through the 1930s as a lower-priced companion car to the Cadillac. It had Cadillac quality and was also powered by a V-8 engine, except from 1934 to ’36 when cost considerations dictated the use of an Oldsmobile straight eight.

By 1940, GM deemed it unnecessary to continue the LaSalle. Buick had moved upscale, and that, combined with Cadillac’s lower-priced models, squeezed LaSalle out of the GM family.

Although it lasted for only 14 years, the LaSalle has secured its place in history as the car that more than any other formalized automobile styling.